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<h2><a name="war">War</a></h2>
<h3>Description</h3>
<p>An extension of the <a href="jar.html">Jar</a> task with special
treatment for files that should end up in the
<code>WEB-INF/lib</code>, <code>WEB-INF/classes</code> or
<code>WEB-INF</code> directories of the Web Application Archive.</p>
<p>(The War task is a shortcut for specifying the particular layout of a WAR file.
The same thing can be accomplished by using the <i>prefix</i> and <i>fullpath</i>
attributes of zipfilesets in a Zip or Jar task.)</p>
<p>The extended zipfileset element from the zip task
    (with attributes <i>prefix</i>, <i>fullpath</i>, and <i>src</i>)
    is available in the War task. The task is also resource-enabled
    and will add nested resources and resource collections to the archive.</p>

<p>
    Before Servlet API 2.5/Java EE 5, a WEB-INF/web.xml file was mandatory in a
    WAR file, so this task failed if the <code>webxml</code> attribute was missing.
    As the web.xml file is now optional, the <code>webxml</code> attribute may now
    be made optional. However, as most real web applications do need a web.xml file,
    it is not optional by default. The task will fail if the file is not
    included, unless the <code>needxmlfile</code> attribute
    is set to <code>false</code>. The task
    will warn if more than one web.xml file is added to the JAR  
    through the filesets.
</p>


<p><b>Please note that the Zip format allows multiple files of the same
fully-qualified name to exist within a single archive.  This has been
documented as causing various problems for unsuspecting users.  If you wish
to avoid this behavior you must set the <code>duplicate</code> attribute
to a value other than its default, <code>&quot;add&quot;</code>.</b></p>

<h3>Parameters</h3>
<table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0">
  <tr>
    <td valign="top"><b>Attribute</b></td>
    <td valign="top"><b>Description</b></td>
    <td align="center" valign="top"><b>Required</b></td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td valign="top">destfile</td>
    <td valign="top">the WAR file to create.</td>
    <td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="2">Exactly one of the two.</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td valign="top">warfile</td>
    <td valign="top"><i>Deprecated</i> name of the file to create
    -use <tt>destfile</tt> instead.</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td valign="top">webxml</td>
    <td valign="top">The servlet configuration descriptor to use (WEB-INF/web.xml).</td>
    <td valign="top" align="center">Yes, unless <tt>needxmlfile</tt> is true,
    the file is pulled in via a nested fileset, or an existing WAR file is
    being updated.</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td valign="top">needxmlfile</td>
    <td valign="top">Flag to indicate whether or not the web.xml file is needed.
        It should be set to false when generating
        servlet 2.5+ WAR files without a web.xml file.
        <em>Since Apache Ant 1.7</em></td>
    <td valign="top" align="center">No -default "true"</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td valign="top">basedir</td>
    <td valign="top">the directory from which to jar the files.</td>
    <td valign="top" align="center">No</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td valign="top">compress</td>
    <td valign="top">Not only store data but also compress them,
    defaults to true.  Unless you set the <em>keepcompression</em>
    attribute to false, this will apply to the entire archive, not
    only the files you've added while updating.</td>
    <td align="center" valign="top">No</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td valign="top">keepcompression</td>
    <td valign="top">For entries coming from existing archives (like
    nested <em>zipfileset</em>s or while updating the archive), keep
    the compression as it has been originally instead of using the
    <em>compress</em> attribute.  Defaults false.  <em>Since Ant
    1.6</em></td>
    <td align="center" valign="top">No</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td valign="top">encoding</td>
    <td valign="top">The character encoding to use for filenames
      inside the archive.  Defaults to UTF8. <strong>It is not
      recommended to change this value as the created archive will most
      likely be unreadable for Java otherwise.</strong>
      <br/>See also the <a href="zip.html#encoding">discussion in the
      zip task page</a></td>
    <td align="center" valign="top">No</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td valign="top">filesonly</td>
    <td valign="top">Store only file entries, defaults to false</td>
    <td align="center" valign="top">No</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td valign="top">includes</td>
    <td valign="top">comma- or space-separated list of patterns of files that must be
      included. All files are included when omitted.</td>
    <td valign="top" align="center">No</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td valign="top">includesfile</td>
    <td valign="top">the name of a file. Each line of this file is
      taken to be an include pattern</td>
    <td valign="top" align="center">No</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td valign="top">excludes</td>
    <td valign="top">comma- or space-separated list of patterns of files that must be
      excluded. No files (except default excludes) are excluded when omitted.</td>
    <td valign="top" align="center">No</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td valign="top">excludesfile</td>
    <td valign="top">the name of a file. Each line of this file is
      taken to be an exclude pattern</td>
    <td valign="top" align="center">No</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td valign="top">defaultexcludes</td>
    <td valign="top">indicates whether default excludes should be used or not
      (&quot;yes&quot;/&quot;no&quot;). Default excludes are used when omitted.</td>
    <td valign="top" align="center">No</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td valign="top">manifest</td>
    <td valign="top">the manifest file to use.</td>
    <td valign="top" align="center">No</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td valign="top">filesetmanifest</td>
    <td valign="top">behavior when a Manifest is found in a zipfileset or zipgroupfileset file is found.  Valid values are &quot;skip&quot;, &quot;merge&quot;, and &quot;mergewithoutmain&quot;.  &quot;merge&quot; will merge all of the manifests together, and merge this into any other specified manifests.  &quot;mergewithoutmain&quot; merges everything but the Main section of the manifests.  Default value is &quot;skip&quot;.
    </td>
    <td valign="top" align="center">No</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td valign="top">whenmanifestonly</td>
    <td valign="top">behavior when no files match.  Valid values are &quot;fail&quot;, &quot;skip&quot;, and &quot;create&quot;.  Default is &quot;create&quot;.</td>
    <td valign="top" align="center">No</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td valign="top">update</td>
    <td valign="top">indicates whether to update or overwrite
      the destination file if it already exists.  Default is &quot;false&quot;.</td>
    <td valign="top" align="center">No</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td valign="top">duplicate</td>
    <td valign="top">behavior when a duplicate file is found.  Valid values are &quot;add&quot;, &quot;preserve&quot;, and &quot;fail&quot;.  The default value is &quot;add&quot;.  </td>
    <td valign="top" align="center">No</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td valign="top">roundup</td>
    <td valign="top">Whether the file modification times will be
    rounded up to the next even number of seconds.<br>
    Zip archives store file modification times with a granularity of
    two seconds, so the times will either be rounded up or down.  If
    you round down, the archive will always seem out-of-date when you
    rerun the task, so the default is to round up.  Rounding up may
    lead to a different type of problems like JSPs inside a web
    archive that seem to be slightly more recent than precompiled
    pages, rendering precompilation useless.<br>
    Defaults to true.  <em>Since Ant 1.6.2</em></td>
    <td align="center" valign="top">No</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td valign="top">level</td>
    <td valign="top">Non-default level at which file compression should be
    performed. Valid values range from 0 (no compression/fastest) to 9
    (maximum compression/slowest). <em>Since Ant 1.7</em></td>
    <td valign="top" align="center">No</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td valign="top">preserve0permissions</td>
    <td valign="top">when updating an archive or adding entries from a
    different archive Ant will assume that a Unix permissions value of
    0 (nobody is allowed to do anything to the file/directory) means
    that the permissions haven't been stored at all rather than real
    permissions and will instead apply its own default values.<br/>
    Set this attribute to true if you really want to preserve the
      original permission field.<em>since Ant 1.8.0</em>
    </td>
    <td valign="top" align="center">No, default is false</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td valign="top">useLanguageEncodingFlag</td>
    <td valign="top">Whether to set the language encoding flag if the
      encoding is UTF-8.  This setting doesn't have any effect if the
      encoding is not UTF-8.
      <em>Since Ant 1.8.0</em>.
      <br/>See also the <a href="zip.html#encoding">discussion in the
      zip task page</a></td>
    <td valign="top" align="center">No, default is true</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td valign="top">createUnicodeExtraFields</td>
    <td valign="top">Whether to create unicode extra fields to store
      the file names a second time inside the entry's metadata.
      <br>Possible values are "never", "always" and "not-encodeable"
      which will only add Unicode extra fields if the file name cannot
      be encoded using the specified encoding.
      <em>Since Ant 1.8.0</em>.
      <br/>See also the <a href="zip.html#encoding">discussion in the
      zip task page</a></td>
    <td align="center" valign="top">No, default is "never"</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td valign="top">fallbacktoUTF8</td>
    <td valign="top">Whether to use UTF-8 and the language encoding
      flag instead of the specified encoding if a file name cannot be
      encoded using the specified encoding.
      <em>Since Ant 1.8.0</em>.
      <br/>See also the <a href="zip.html#encoding">discussion in the
      zip task page</a></td>
    <td align="center" valign="top">No, default is false</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td valign="top">mergeClassPathAttributes</td>
    <td valign="top">Whether to merge the Class-Path attributes found
      in different manifests (if merging manifests).  If false, only
      the attribute of the last merged manifest will be preserved.
      <em>Since Ant 1.8.0</em>.
      <br/>unless you also set flattenAttributes to true this may
      result in manifests containing multiple Class-Path attributes
      which violates the manifest specification.</td>
    <td align="center" valign="top">No, default is false</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td valign="top">flattenAttributes</td>
    <td valign="top">Whether to merge attributes occurring more than
      once in a section (this can only happen for the Class-Path
      attribute) into a single attribute.
      <em>Since Ant 1.8.0</em>.</td>
    <td align="center" valign="top">No, default is false</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td valign="top">zip64Mode</td>
    <td valign="top">When to use Zip64 extensions for entries.  The
      possible values are "never", "always" and "as-needed".
      <em>Since Ant 1.9.1</em>.
      <br/>See also the <a href="zip.html#zip64">discussion in the
      zip task page</a></td>
    <td align="center" valign="top">No, default is "never"</td>
  </tr>
</table>

<h3>Nested elements</h3>

<h4>lib</h4>
<p>The nested <code>lib</code> element specifies a <a
href="../Types/fileset.html">FileSet</a>. All files included in this fileset will
end up in the <code>WEB-INF/lib</code> directory of the war file.</p>

<h4>classes</h4>
<p>The nested <code>classes</code> element specifies a <a
href="../Types/fileset.html">FileSet</a>. All files included in this fileset will
end up in the <code>WEB-INF/classes</code> directory of the war file.</p>

<h4>webinf</h4>
<p>The nested <code>webinf</code> element specifies a <a
href="../Types/fileset.html">FileSet</a>. All files included in this fileset will
end up in the <code>WEB-INF</code> directory of the war file. If this
fileset includes a file named <code>web.xml</code>, the file is
ignored and you will get a warning.</p>

<h4>metainf</h4>
<p>The nested <code>metainf</code> element specifies a <a
href="../Types/fileset.html">FileSet</a>. All files included in this fileset will
end up in the <code>META-INF</code> directory of the war file. If this
fileset includes a file named <code>MANIFEST.MF</code>, the file is
ignored and you will get a warning.</p>

<h4>manifest, indexjars, service</h4>
These are inherited from <a href="jar.html">&lt;jar&gt;</a>

<h3>Examples</h3>

<p>Assume the following structure in the project's base directory:</p>
<pre>
thirdparty/libs/jdbc1.jar
thirdparty/libs/jdbc2.jar
build/main/com/myco/myapp/Servlet.class
src/metadata/myapp.xml
src/html/myapp/index.html
src/jsp/myapp/front.jsp
src/graphics/images/gifs/small/logo.gif
src/graphics/images/gifs/large/logo.gif
</pre>
then the war file <code>myapp.war</code> created with
<pre>
&lt;war destfile=&quot;myapp.war&quot; webxml=&quot;src/metadata/myapp.xml&quot;&gt;
  &lt;fileset dir=&quot;src/html/myapp&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;fileset dir=&quot;src/jsp/myapp&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;lib dir=&quot;thirdparty/libs&quot;&gt;
    &lt;exclude name=&quot;jdbc1.jar&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;/lib&gt;
  &lt;classes dir=&quot;build/main&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;zipfileset dir=&quot;src/graphics/images/gifs&quot;
              prefix=&quot;images&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/war&gt;
</pre>
will consist of
<pre>
WEB-INF/web.xml
WEB-INF/lib/jdbc2.jar
WEB-INF/classes/com/myco/myapp/Servlet.class
META-INF/MANIFEST.MF
index.html
front.jsp
images/small/logo.gif
images/large/logo.gif
</pre>
using Ant's default manifest file. The content of
<code>WEB-INF/web.xml</code> is identical to
<code>src/metadata/myapp.xml</code>.

<p>We regularly receive bug reports that this task is creating the WEB-INF
directory as web-inf (all lower case), and thus it is our fault your webapp doesn't work. The cause
of these complaints lies in WinZip, which turns an all upper-case
directory into an all lower case one in a fit of helpfulness. Please check that
<code>jar xvf yourwebapp.war</code> shows the same behaviour before filing another
report.<br/>
Winzip has an option allowing all uppercase names (which is off by default!).  It can be enabled by:
Menu "Options" -> "Configuration",  "View" property/tab page, then "General" group box has an option called "Allow all uppercase file names".
</p>



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